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Botulisme et conservation des aliments

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Écrit par Kigen   

Botulisme, le mot est lâché  ...

On est là pour parler bonne bouffe ... et moi, je viens vous embeter avec des choses qui fachent. Mais il me semble que c'est necessaire.

La majorité des cas de botulismes sont dues à une intoxication alimentaire et autant vous le dire de suite, faire sa charcuterie soit même ou son poisson fumée vous mets dans les populations à risques.

 

Le botulisme, c'est quoi ?

C'est une affection neurologique grave (on peut en mourrir) dûe à la toxine botulique qui est générée par une bactérie, la Clostridium botulinum. Un des lieux de prédilection de cette bactérie, ce sont les aliments mal conservés.

Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum

La maladie est rare en France, mais cela ne l'empêche pas d'être mortelle dans beaucoup de cas.
Maintenant, si on veut relativiser, de 2003 à 2005, moins de cent malades ont été recensé en France (87, pour être exact). Toujours est il, le risque est majeur si vous êtes contaminé, il est donc raisonable de prendre quelques précautions.

La maladie

Le temps d'incubation varie de quelques heures à plusieurs jours. Les personnes ayant partagé les aliments en cause présentent généralement les mêmes symptômes :
  • troubles visuels,
  • sécheresse de la bouche,
  • difficulté de déglutition,
  • fatigue,
  • paralysie.
Il existe aussi le cas du botulisme infantile mais là, on s'écarte du sujet de ce site ;-)

Traitement

Plus le traitement est entrepris rapidement (antitoxine par voie intra-veineuse) plus la maladie a de chances d'être contrée.

La plupart des malades guérissent s’ils sont traités sans délai.

Prévention

La prévention repose sur le respect des règles d’hygiène lors de la préparation et de la conservation des denrées alimentaires, afin de prévenir le développement de C. botulinum, et la production de toxine.

Se laver les mains avant de manipuler les ingredients, travailler dans un endroit propre, et bien sur utiliser du nitrate ou du nitrite lors de vos préparations. Nous reviendrons dans un prochain article sur ce point précis.

 

 

 

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